Editing Vocabulary (in progress) A controlled vocabulary specific to the discussion of editing platforms, techniques, and practices in early cinema. Terms and definitions drawn from the following sources: The Technique of Film Editing, Second Edition (Reisz and Millar) 2 Allain Daigle 7df2404aa275764f66231d0daf69ad81a9d3b187 Actual Sound Sound whose source is visible on the screen or whose source is implied to be present by the action of the film. Assemble To carry out the first process in film editing, namely, to collect together the required shots and join them in provisional order, thus producing a rough cut. Bridging Shot Shot used to cover a jump in time or other break in continuity. Cement Cellulose solvent used for joining cinematograph film. Commentative Sound Sound whose source is neither visible on the screen nor has been implied to be present in the action. Sound which is artificially added for dramatic effect, e.g., music, commentary, subjective sounds heard as if through the mind of a character. Constructive Editing Shots build upon each other and accumulate meaning in a sequence of details. Typified by the writings of Pudovkin. Continuity Editing Cutting designed to maintain a coherency of space and time between multiple shots. Continuity Title Title designed to bridge a break in the pictoral continuity. Cross Cut To intermingle the shots of two or more scenes in the course of editing so that fragments of each scene will be presented to the spectator's attention alternately. Also INTERCUT. Cut A displacement of space between one shot and a shot that follows it. Cutting Print The particular positive print which the editor assembles and on which he works. Dailies Prints of takes which are made immediately after a day's shooting so that they can be viewed on the following day. Also RUSHES. Dissolve Gradual Merging of the end of one shot into the beginning of the next, produced by the super-imposition of a fade-out on to a fade-in of equal length. Also MIX. Dub 1. To re-record the soundtrack of a film, substituting for the speech of the language originally used, a spoken translation in some other language. 2. To rerecord. Duping Print Special soft print (lavender or fine grain) made from an original negative so that a dupe negative can subsequently be made from it. Editing (platform) Physical materials of the editing situation. Editing (style) Genres and/or patterns of practice. Editing (technique) Practices of assembly. Editing (text) Textual relations assembled by editing practices. Fade In 1. Beginning of a shot which starts in darkness and gradually lightens to full brightness. 2. To bring up sound volume from inaudibility to required volume. Fade Out Opposite of Fade In. Film Companies Flashback Sequence in a film which takes the action of the story into the past; used either as a reminder to the audience of an earlier event or to indicate the recollections of one of the characters. Footage Length of a film measured in feet. Frame One single transparent photograph of the series printed on a length of cinematograph film. Freeze Frame At a chosen point in a scene a particular frame is printed repeatedly, so giving the effect of arresting, "freezing" the action. Industrial Contexts Intellectual Montage Continuity is produced by a series of shocks. Iris In/Iris Out A decorative fade-in or -out in which the image appears or disappears as a growing or diminishing oval. Lead Length of film joined to the beginning of a reel for threading through the camera, projector, etc. Also LEADER, LEADER STRIP. Loop Short length of film joined together at its ends to form an endless band which can be passed through the projector to give a continuous repetition of its subject. (Used by actors when rehearsing the timing for post-synchronizing dialogue; or in re-recording, when a particular sound - e.g., of machine-gun fire - is needed intermittently.) Married Print Positive print of a film carrying both sound and picture. Master Shot Single shot of an entire piece of dramatic action taken in order to facilitate the assembly of the component closer shots of details from which the sequence will finally be covered. Mix To combine the sound of several soundtracks for the purpose of rerecording them onto a single track. Montage Sequence Quick impressionistic sequence of disconnected images, usually linked by dissolves, superimpositions or wipes, and used to convey passages of time, changes of place or any other scenes of transition. Multiple Exposure Two or more exposures made on a single series of film frames. Mute Print Positive print of the picture part of a sound film without the soundtrack. Narratage Method whereby one of the characters in a story film is depicted as telling the story of the film. Parallel Action Device of narrative construction in which the development of two pieces of action is represented simultaneously by showing first a fragment of one, then a fragment of the other, and so on alternately. Pathécolor An early mechanical stencil-based film tinting process for movies developed by Pathé in the early 20th century (wikipedia) Plan Sequence A long and usually complex shot involving much camera movement during which a whole scene is shot in one take without cuts. Post Synchronization Recording and adding sound to a picture after the picture itself has been shot. Relational Editing Editing of shots to suggest an association of ideas between them. Spatial Continuity Relations between shots are predicated on continuous space. Splice 1. A film join 2. To join film. Also JOIN. Stock Shot Shot used in a film but not recorded specifically for it; shot taken from a library or store of shots kept for future use. Also LIBRARY SHOT, STOCK FOOTAGE. Synchronize To place, during editing, the soundtrack in such a position relative to the picture track that on projection a particular selected sound will be heard at the same instant as a particular selected image is seen. Synchronous Sound Sound which has been synchronized with the picture. Take Single recording of a shot. Temporal Continuity Relations between shots are predicated on continuous time. Wild Track Soundtrack recorded independently of any picture with which it may subsequently be combined. Wipe Form of transition from one shot to another in which a line appears to travel across the screen removing, as it travels, one shot and revealing another.