Abel Thematic List Film theme and topic vocabulary developed by Richard Abel 2 nmdjohn da39a3ee5e6b4b0d3255bfef95601890afd80709 Mac Simonson da94d7d6a2de417dfa75803ae9e29bec7277d1da access Acres, Birt (Great Britain) acting styles actualités (non-fiction) Addams, Jane (USA) advertising advertising films (non-fiction) AGC (France) AGFA (Germany) airdomes Aitken, Harry (USA) Alberini, Filoteo (Italy) Almirante Manzini, Italia (Italy) Alpha Trading Company (Great Britain) Altenloh, Emilie (Germany) Alva, Carlos, Guillermo and Salvador (Mexico) amateur film Ambrosio (Italy) Ambrosio, Arturo (Italy) American Biograph (France) American Film Manufacturing Company (USA) American Mutoscope and Biograph (AM&B) (USA) amusement parks Anderson, Gilbert M. (USA) Andréani, Henri (France) Andreyor, Yvette (France) Andriot, Josette (France) animal pictures (fiction) animation (fiction) Ankerstjerne, Johan (Denmark) Anschütz, Ottomar (Germany) Aquila Films (Italy) Arbuckle, Roscoe ("Fatty") (USA) archaeology of cinema/pre-cinema Arche, Alto (Austria-Hungary) archive sources, sites, and policies archives Argentina (South America) Armat, Thomas (USA) Arnaud, Etienne (France) Arquillière, Alexandre (France) Asia Film Co. (China) Atelier Apollo (Finland) Aubert, Etablissements L. (France) Aubert, Louis (France) audiences: research issues and projects audiences: surveys and debates audiences/spectatorship Auler, William (Brazil) Aurora Cinema (India) Australasian Films (Australia) Australia (Asia) Austria-Hungary (Europe) authentication Autorenfilme (fiction) Baggot, King (USA) Bakshy, Alexander (USA) Balaban, Barney and A. J. (USA) Balkans, the (Europe) Balshofer, Fred J. (USA) Bamforth (Great Britain) Barcinógrafo (Spain) Barker Motion Photography (Great Britain) Barker, William George (Great Britain) Baron, Auguste (France) Bartling, Georg (Germany) Bas, Annie (Netherlands) Bassermann, Albert (Germany) Bauer, Evgenii (Russia) Baumann, Charles O. (USA) Becce, Giuseppe (Germany) Becerril, Guillermo (Mexico) Bedding, Thomas G. (USA) Belge Cinema SA, La (Belgium) Belgian Colonies (Africa) Belgium (Europe) Belot, Charles (Belgium) Benoît-Lévy, Edmond (France) benshi Bergqvist, John (Sweden) Bernard, Fedinand "Bon" (Mexico) Bernhardt, Sarah (France) Berst, Jacques A. (USA) Bertini, Francesca (Italy) Bhatavdekar, Harishchandra Sakharam (India) Bianchi, Joseph (Canada) biblical films (fiction) Binger, Maurits Herman (Netherlands) Biograph (USA) Biorama (Denmark) Bioscope (Great Britain) Bioscope Company of Canada (Canada) Bitzer, Wilhelm ("Billy") (USA) black cinema, USA (North America) Blackton, J. Stuart (USA) Blair Camera Company (USA) Blair Camera Company, European (Great Britain) Blom, August (Denmark) Boggs, Francis (USA) Bolivia (South America) Bolten-Baeckers, Heinrich (Germany) Bonine, Robert Kates (USA) Bonnard, Mario (Italy) Borelli, Lyda (Italy) Bosetti, Romeo (France) Bosworth, Hobart (USA) Botelho, Alberto Màncio (Brazil) Bourbon, Ernest (France) Bourgeois, Gérard (France) Boutillon, Edmond (France) boxing films (non-fiction) Brady, William Aloysius (USA) Brazil (South America) Breteau (France) Brézillon, Léon (France) British & Colonial Kinematograph Company (Great Britain) British Colonies (Africa) British Gaumont (Great Britain) British Mutoscope & Biograph (Great Britain) Brown, Theodore (Great Britain) Brulator, Jules E. (USA) Buckwalter, Harry H. (USA) Bull, Lucien (France) Bunny, John (USA) Bünzli, Henri René (France) Burguet, Charles (France) Burlingham, Frederick (Switzerland) Bush, W. Stephen (USA) Bushman, Francis X. (USA) Butcher's Film Service (Great Britain) Cabanne, W. Christy (USA) cafes&concerts Calcina, Vittorio (Italy) Calmettes, André (France) Cambodia (Asia) camera movement cameras: Aeroscope camera cameras: Bell & Howell studio camera cameras: Biograph 70mm camera cameras: Cinématographe Lumière cameras: Debrie "Parvo’ camera cameras: Edison Kinetograph camera cameras: English pattern cameras cameras: Newman & Sinclair Reflex camera cameras: Pathé-Freres cameras Campos, Antônio (Brazil) Canada (North America) Canada, Quebec (North America) Canudo, Ricciotto (France) Capellani, Albert (France) Capellani, Paul (France) Capozzi, Alberto (Italy) Carl, Renée (France) Carpentier, Jules (France) Carré, Michel (France) Casasús, José (Cuba) Caserini, Mario (Italy) celluloid Centaur/Nestor (USA) Chaplin, Charles (USA) Chardynin, Petr (Russia) Charles Urban Trading Company (Great Britain) chase films (fiction) Chatauqua Chautard, Emile (France) Cheetham, Arthur (Great Britain) Chicago Film Exchange (USA) Chile (South America) China (Asia) Chomón, Segundo de (Spain) Christensen, Benjamin (Denmark) chronophotography churches and exhibition Cine-Fono e la Rivista Fono-Cinematografica, La (Italy) Ciné-Journal (France) cinema circuits or chains Cinema du people, Le (France) Cinéma et l'Echo du cinéma réunis, Le (France) cinema of anractions Cinema-Halls, Compagnie des (France) Cines (Italy) Clarendon Film Company (Great Britain) classical Hollywood cinema Clément-Maurice (France) Clement, Josephine (USA) Clune, William H. (USA) Cody, William F. ("Buffalo Bill") (USA) Cohl, Emile (France) Coissac, Guillaume-Michel (France) Colla, Alberto (Italy) collections: public and private Collier, John (USA) Collins, Alfred (Great Britain) Colombia (South America) colonialism: Europe color coloring processes: Chronochrome Gaumont coloring processes: Pathécolor Comandon, Jean (France) comedy (fiction) Comerio Films (Italy) comic series (fiction) comic strips Comica (France) Commercial Press Motion Picture Department (China) communication (technologies) consumer cooperatives: Europe Continental-Kunstfilm (Germany) Continsouza, Pierre-Victor (France) copyright Corbett, James J. (USA) Costello, Maurice (USA) costume Courrier cinématographique, Le (France) crime films (fiction) Cuba (North America) cue sheets Cuesta Valencia (Spain) cultural contexts Cunard, Grace (USA) D'Annunzio, Gabriele (Italy) dance films (non-fiction) Dania Biofilm (Denmark) Dansk Biograf Kompagni (Denmark) Darling, Alfred (Great Britain) Davidson, Paul (Germany) Davis, Harry (USA) Dawley, J. Searle (USA) de Barros, Luis (Brazil) de Bedts, Georges William (France) De Grandsaignes d'Hauterives, Henry (Quebec) De Liguoro, Giuseppe (Italy) de Morlhon, Camille (France) De Riso, Camillo (Italy) Debrie, Joseph and André (France) Decourcelle, Pierre (France) Decroix, Charles (France) Decroix, Charles (Germany) Deed, André (France) Del Colle, Ubaldo Maria (Italy) Delac, Charles (France) Delmont, Joseph (Germany) Demaria, Jules (France) Demenÿ, Georges (France) DeMille, Cecil B. (USA) Denmark (Europe) Denola, Georges (France) Dentler, Martin (Germany) department stores Derba, Mimi (Mexico) Desfontaines, Henri (France) Desmet, Jean (Netherlands) detective films (fiction) Deutsche Mutoskop & Biograph (Germany) developments in film style Di Doménico family (Columbia) dialogue accompaniment Diaz Quesada, Enrique (Cuba) Dickson, William Kennedy Laurie (USA) dime museums: USA Dintenfass, Mark M. (USA) dioramas and panoramas distribution: Europe Donisthorpe, Wordsworth (Great Britain) Dora Film (Italy) Doublier, Francis (France) Doyen, Eugène-Louis (France) Dranem (France) Drankov (Russia) Drankov, Aleksandr (Russia) Duhamel, Sarah (France) Duncan, Francis Martin (Great Britain) Durand, Jean (France) Dureau, Georges (France) Duse, Eleonora (Italy) Duskes, Alfred (Germany) Dussaud, François (Switzerland) Dutch Mutoscope & Biograph (Netherlands) Dwan, Allan (USA) Dyer, Frank L. (USA) Eastman Kodak Company (USA) Eastman, George (USA) Eclair (France) Éclair American (USA) Eclipse (France) Edamasa Yoshiro (Japan) Edison Manufacturing (USA) Edison, Thomas Alvin (USA) editing: early practices and techniques editing: spatial relations editing: tableau style editing: temporal relations education Egypt and other Arab countries (Middle East) electricity (technologies) Elfelt, Peter (Denmark) Esoofally, Abdulally (India) Essanay Film Manufacturing Company (USA) ethnographic films (non-fiction) Evans, Fred ("Pimple") (Great Britain) Ewers, Hanns Heinz (Germany) exhibition expedition/exploration films (non-fiction) Fabre, Marcel (Italy) facial expression films (fiction) fairs/fairgrounds: Europe Falena, Ugo (Italy) Famous Players Motion Picture Company (USA) Farnum, Dustin (USA) fashion féeries or fairy plays (fiction) Fengtai Photography Studio (China) Ferrez, Julio (Brazil) Fescourt, Henri (France) Feuillade, Louis (France) film companies film d'art (fiction) Film d'Art (France) Film d'Arte ltaliana (Pathé-Frères) (Italy) film developing, printing, and assembly film festivals and occasional events filme cantante (sung films) (fiction) Filmen (Denmark) Filmfabrikken Danmark (Denmark) Finch, Flora (USA) Finland (Europe) Finlandia Film (Finland) Fitzhamon, Lewin (Great Britain) Floury, Edmond Louis (France) Foersterling, Hermann (Germany) Ford, Francis (USA) Foster, William (USA) Fotorama (Denmark) Fox, William (USA) framing: camera distance and angle France (Europe) Frau, Raymond (Italy) Freer, James Simmons (Canada) Fregoli, Leopoldo (Italy) French Colonies (Africa) Frenkel, Theo (Netherlands) Freuler, John L. (USA) Friberg, C. A. (Sweden) Friese,Greene, William (Great Britain) Froelich, Carl (Germany) Froissart, Georges (France) Frusta, Arrigo (Italy) Fukuhodo (Japan) Fuller, Loië (USA) Fuller, Mary (USA) Furniss, Harry (Great Britain) Fynes, J. Austin (USA) Gabet, Françisque (France) Gad, Urban (Denmark) Gallo, Mario (Argentina) Ganguly, Dhirendranath (India) Gardin, Vladimir (Russia) Gardner, Helen (USA) Gärtner, Adolf (Germany) Gasnier, Louis (France) Gaumont (France) Gaumont, Léon Ernest (France) Gauntier, Gene (USA) Gauvreau, Georges (Quebec) Gavin, John (Australia) Gelabert, Fructuoso (Spain) General Film Company (USA) German Colonies (Africa) Germany (Europe) Ghione, Emilio (Italy) Giambastiani, Salvador (Chile) Giampietro, Josef (Germany) Gildemijer, Johan Hendrik (Netherlands) Gilmore, William E. (USA) Gish, Lillian (USA) Gladtvet, Ottar (Norway) Gliewe, Max (Germany) Gloria Films (Italy) Gltückstadt, Vilhelm (Denmark) Glücksmann, Max (Argentina) Goncharov, Vasilii (Russia) Gottschalk, Ludwig (Germany) Grandais, Suzanne (France) Grau, Robert (USA) Grauman, Sid (USA) Great Britain (Europe) Greater New York Film Rental Company (USA) Greece (Europe) Green, George (Great Britain) Green, John C. (Canada) Gregory, Carl Louis (USA) Griffin, John J. (Canada) Griffith, David Wark (USA) Grimoin-Sanson, Raoul (France) Gual, Adria (Spain) Guazzoni, Enrico (Italy) Gugenheim, Eugène (France) Guillaume, Ferdinando (Italy) Gundersen, Jens Christian (Norway) Guy Blaché, Alice (France) Gys, Leda (Italy) Häfker, Hermann (Germany) Haggar, William (Great Britain) Hale's Tours Hamman, Joë (France) Hansen, Kai (Russia) Harrison, Louis Reeves (USA) Hart, William S. (USA) Hartlooper, Louis (Netherlands) Hatot, Georges (France) Heise, William (USA) Hepworth (Great Britain) Hepworth, Cecil (Great Britain) Heuzé, André (France) Higgins, Ernest (Australia) Hindustan Cinema Films Company (India) Hintner, Cornelius (Austria-Hungary) Hirtz, Eduardo (Brazil) Hispano Films (Spain) historical films (fiction) Hodkinson, W. W. (USA) Hofer, Franz (Germany) Holger-Madsen (Denmark) Holland, Annie (Great Britain) Hollandia (Netherlands) Hollandsche Film (Pathé-Frères) (Netherlands) Holmes, Elias Burton (USA) Holmes, Helen (USA) Hopwood, Henry Vaux (Great Britain) Horsley, David (USA) Howe, Lyman H. (USA) Hulfish, David S. (USA) Hutchinson, Samuel S. (USA) illustrated lectures illustrated magazines illustrated songs IMP (USA) imperialism: USA Ince, Ralph (USA) Ince, Thomas H. (USA) India (Asia) Indonesia (Asia) industrial films (non-fiction) industry developments intermediality and modes of reception intermittent movements intertides and tides Iran (Middle East) Ireland (Europe) Isola, Emile and Vincent (France) Itala (Italy) Italy (Europe) itinerant exhibitors Ivens, Cees A. P. (Netherlands) Jacobini, Maria (Italy) Janssen, Pierre-Jules-César (France) Japan (Asia) Jasset, Victorin-Hippolyte (France) Jeffs, Waller (Great Britain) Jenkins, C. Francis (USA) Johnson and Gibson (Australia) Johnson, Arthur (USA) Johnson, Jack (USA) Johnson, Noble M. (USA) Joly, Henri (France) Jones, Aaron J. (USA) Jourjon, Charles (France) Joyce, Alice (USA) Joye, Joseph-Alexis (Switzerland) Jury, Sir William Frederick (Great Britain) Kaeriyama Norimasa (Japan) Kalem (USA) Kamm, Leonard Ulrich (Great Britain) Katz, Sam (USA) Kearton, Cherry (Great Britain) Keith, B. F. (USA) Kennedy, Jeremiah J. (USA) Kessel, Adam (USA) key figures Keystone Film Company (USA) Khanzhonkov & Co. (Russia) Khanzhonkov, Aleksandr (Russia) Kholodnaia, Vera (Russia) kinds of films Kinematograph, Der (Germany) Kinografen (Denmark) Kirchner, Albert (a.k.a. Léar) (France) Klaw & Erlanger (USA) Kleine Optical Company (USA) Kleine, George (USA) Klercker, Georg af (Sweden) Kobayashi Kisaburo (Japan) Kohinoor Film Company (India) Kolm, Louise Veltée (Austria-Hungary) Kolowrat-Krakowsky, Alexander “Sascha" Joseph (Austria-Hungary) Komada Kayo (Japan) Komatsu Shokai (Japan) Konishi Photographic Store (Japan) Kosmofilm (Poland) Krauss, Henry (France) Krüger, Fréderic (Belgium) labor movement: Europe labor movement: USA Laemmle, Carl (USA) Laffitte, Paul (France) Lamster, Johann Christian (Netherlands) Lange, Konrad (Germany) Larsen, Viggo (Denmark) Lasky, Jesse (USA) Latham, Gray and Otway (USA) Lauste, Eugene (USA) Lautensack, Heinrich (Germany) Lavanchy-Clarke, François-Henri (Switzerland) law and the cinema Lawrence, Florence (USA) Le Bargy, Charles (France) Le Blond, Elizabeth Alice Frances (Switzerland) Le Prince, Louis Aimé Augustin (France) Leal, Antônio (Brazil) lecturer leisure time and space: USA Leonard, Marion (USA) Lépine, Charles-Lucien (France) Leprince, René (France) Levesque, Marcel (France) Lichtbild-Bühne, Die (Germany) lighting lighting apparatus Lincoln, W. J. (Australia) Lind, Alfred (Denmark) Linder, Max (France) Lindsay, Vachel (USA) Lo Savio, Gerolamo (Italy) Loew, Marcus (USA) Londe, Albert (France) Long, Samuel (USA) Longford, Raymond (Australia) Lordier, Georges (France) Lowenstein, Hans Otto (Austria-Hungary) Lubin Manufacturing Company (USA) Lubin, Siegmund (USA) Lubitsch, Ernst (Germany) Lumiere et fils (France) Lumière, Auguste and Louis (France) Lundberg, Frans (Sweden) Lux (France) Luxemburg (Europe) Lykke-Seest, Peter (Norway) Lyyra Filmi (Finland) M. Pathé (Japan) Mace, Fred (USA) Machin, Alfred (Belgium) Mack, Max (Germany) Madan Theatres Limited (India) Madan, Jamshedji Framji (India) Maggi, Luigi (Italy) magic lantern shows magic lanterns and stereopticons magicians Magnusson, Charles (Sweden) Maguire & Baucus (USA) Maharashtra Film Company (India) Maison de la Bonne Presse (France) Maître, Maurice Andrá (Russia) Majestic (USA) Makino Shozo (Japan) Malaya (Asia) Marey, Etienne-Jules (France) Marion, Frank J. (USA) Mark, Mitchell H. (USA) Marro, Albert (Spain) Martoglio, Nino (Italy) Marvin, Arthur (USA) Marvin, Harry (USA) Mary, Clément (France) Maseo Inoue (Japan) Mason, Bert (Great Britain) Mason, Bert (Quebec) Mastbaum, Jules and Stanley (USA) Matuszewski, Bóleslaw (Poland) May, Joe (Germany) McCay, Winsor (USA) McCutcheon, Wallace (USA) McDowell, John Benjamin (Great Britain) McRae, V. H. (USA) Medina, José (Brazil) Méliès, Gaston (USA) Méliès, Georges (France) melodramas, domestic (fiction) melodramas, sensational (fiction) Mendel, Georges (France) Menichelli, Pina (Italy) Mercanton, Louis (France) Merzbach, Saul and Georges (France) Mesguich, Felix (France) Messter consortium (Germany) Messter, Oskar (Germany) Mexico (North America) Migé, Clément (France) migration/immigration: USA Milano Films (Italy) Miles Brothers (Great Britain) Miles Brothers (USA) Miller, Arthur C. (USA) Minier, Louis (Quebec) Mistinguett (France) Misu, Mime (Germany) Mitchell and Kenyon (Great Britain) Mix, Tom (USA) modernity and early cinema modes of production: issues and debates Modot, Gaston (France) Monca, Georges (France) monopoly capitalism: USA Moore, Annabelle (USA) Moore, Owen (USA) Morano, Gigetta (Italy) Mosjoukine, Ivan (Russia) Motion Picture Distributing and Sales Company (Sales) (USA) Motion Picture Patents Company (USA) moving picture fiction moving picture fiction: juvenile series Moving Picture News (USA) Moving Picture World (USA) Mudaliar, Nataraja (India) Mullens, Bernard and Willy (Netherlands) Müller-Lincke, Anna (Germany) multiple-reel films: Europe multiple-reel films: USA Munsterberg, Hugo (USA) Murdock, J. J. (USA) museum life exhibits music hall musical accompaniment musical scores Musidora (France) Mutual Film Corporation (USA) Muybridge, Eadweard (USA) mythologicals (fiction) Nalpas, Louis (France) Napierkowska, Stacia (France) Natan, Bernard (France) National Board of Censorship national cinemas National Color Kinematograph (Great Britain) Navarre, René (France) Negroni, Baldassarre (Italy) Nepoti, Alberto (Italy) Netherlands, the (Europe) New York Dramatic Mirror (USA) New York Morning Telegraph (USA) New York Motion Picture Company (USA) New Zealand (Asia) Newman, Arthur Samuel (Great Britain) news event films (non-fiction) newspapers newsreels (non-fiction) nickelodeons Nielsen, Asta (Denmark) Nikkatsu (Japan) Nilsson, N. P. (Sweden) Nöggerath, Franz Anton Jr. (Netherlands) Nöggerath, Franz Anton Sr. (Netherlands) Noguès, Pierre (France) Nonguet, Lucien (France) Nordisk Films Kompagni (Denmark) Normand, Mabel (USA) North American Phonograph (USA) Norton, Charles Goodwin (Great Britain) Norway (Europe) Notari, Elvira Coda (Italy) Novelli, Amleto (Italy) Numa Peterson's Trading Company (Sweden) Oceania/South Pacific (Asia) Olcott, Sidney (USA) Oliver, David (Germany) Olsen, Ole (Denmark) Omegna, Roberto (Italy) Onoe Matsunosuke (Japan) opera Optical Lantern Weekly/ Kinematograph and Lantern Weekly (Great Britain) Orientaliska teatern (Sweden) Ors, Eugeni d' (Spain) Ouimet, Léo-Ernest (Quebec) Oxilia, Nina (Italy) Pagano, Bartolomeo (Italy) PAGU/AKGUT (Germany) painting and the visual arts palace cinemas Palestine (Middle East) Paley, William ("Daddy") (USA) Parnaland, Ambroise-François (France) Pasquali & C. (Italy) Pasquali, Ernesto Maria (Italy) Pastrone, Giovanni (Italy) Patankar Friends & Company (India) Path (Australia) Pathé Cinematograph (USA) Pathé Film (Sweden) Pathé russe (Russia) Pathe-Freres (France) Pathe-Freres (Great Britain) Pathé, Charles (France) Paul, Robert William (Great Britain) penny arcades Peón, Ramón (Cuba) Perret, Léonce (France) Perry, Joseph (Australia) Peru (South America) Phalke Films (India) Phalke, Dhundiraj Govind (India) phantom train rides (non-fiction) Philippines, the (Asia) Phono-Ciné-Gazette (France) Phonogram, The (USA) phonography phonoscènes (fiction) Phonoscope, The (USA) photography Pickford, Mary (USA) Piel, Harry (Germany) Pike, Oliver (Great Britain) Pinschewer, Julius (Germany) Pinthus, Kurt (Germany) Pirou, Eugène Louis (France) Poland (Europe) polar expedition films (non-fiction) Poli, Sylvester (USA) Ponting, Herbert (Great Britain) Popert, Siegmund (France) pornography (fiction) Porten, Henny (Germany) Porter, Edwin S. (USA) Portugal (Europe) postcards Pouctal, Henri (France) Power, Nicholas (USA) Powers, Patrick A. (USA) Poyen, René-Georges (France) preservation Prince, Charles (France) Pringle, Ralph (Great Britain) program formats projectionists projectors: Biograph 70mm projector projectors: Cinématographe Lumière projectors: double-film-band projectors projectors: Edison Home Kinetoscope projectors: Ernemann Imperator projector projectors: Gaumont projectors projectors: glass-plate projectors projectors: Kinetoscope projectors: Kinora projectors: Nuremberg toy projectors projectors: optical intermittent projectors projectors: Pathé KOK projector projectors: Pathé-Frères projectors projectors: Phantoscope projectors: Powers Cameragraph No. 5 projector projectors: Simplex projector projectors: Warwick Bioscope projector Promio, Alexandre (France) propaganda films (non-fiction) Prószynski, Kazimierz (Poland) Protazanov, Jakov (Russia) Psilander, Valdemar (Denmark) publicity: issues and debates Py, Eugenio (Argentina) Pyke, Montague Alexander (Great Britain) racial segregation: USA Raff & Gammon (USA) Raleigh & Robert (France) Ramos, Antonio (China) Raymond, Matt (Great Britain) re-enactments (non-fiction) Redfern, Jasper (Great Britain) regulating exhibition Reicher, Ernst (Germany) Reinhardt, Max (Germany) Reis, Luis Tomás (Brazil) Reliance (USA) religious filmmaking (non-fiction) Relph, Harry ("Little Tich") (Great Britain) Requião, Anibal Rocha (Brazil) Reulos, Lucien (France) Rex (USA) Reynaud, Emile (France) Richardson, Frank Herbert (USA) Riche, Daniel (France) Roberti, Roberto (Italy) Robertson, D. W. (USA) Robinne, Gabrielle (France) Rock, William T. ("Pop") (USA) Rodolfi, Eleuterio (Italy) Rogers, George (France) Roland, Ruth (USA) Rolfe, Alfred (Australia) Rosas, Enrique (Mexico) Rosenthal, Joseph (Great Britain) Rossi, Carlo (Italy) Rossi, Gilberta (Brazil) Rothapfel, S. L. ("Roxy") (USA) Royal Bioscope (India) Russia (Europe) Rye, Stellan (Germany) saloons Salvation Army (Australia) Sandberg, Serge (France) Sandow, Eugen (USA) Santos y Artigas (Cuba) Santos, Francisco (Brazil) Santos, Silvino (Brazil) Sargent, Epes Winthrop (USA) Saturn (Austria-Hungary) Saunders, Alfred Henry (USA) Sawamura Shirogoro (Japan) Saxe, John and Thomas (USA) SCAGL (France) Schenck, Nicholas and Joseph (USA) Schneider, Eberhard (USA) Schuberg, John (Canada) scientific films: Europe (non-fiction) scientific films: USA (non-fiction) Scotland (Europe) screens screenwriting Seeber, Guido (Germany) Segreto, Afonso (Brazil) Segreto, Paschoal (Brazil) Selig Polyscope Company (USA) Selig, William Nicholas (USA) Sen, Hiralal (India) Sennett, Mack (USA) Serena, Gustavo (Italy) serials (fiction) Serrador, Francisco (Brazil) set design Sfinks (Poland) shadow theater Shakespeare films (fiction) Sheffield Photo (Great Britain) Shepard, Archibald (USA) Shipman, Nell (USA) Sienna, Pedro (Chile) Silvio, Alexandre (Quebec) Singh, Suchet (India) Sivan, Casimir (Switzerland) Sjöström, Victor (Sweden) Skaarup, Frede (Denmark) Skladanowsky, Max and Emil (Germany) Skouras, Spyros (USA) Slieker, George Christiaan (Netherlands) Smalley, Phillips (USA) Smith, Albert E. (USA) Smith, F. Percy (Great Britain) Smith, George Albert (Great Britain) Smith, John William (Great Britain) social contexts Solax (USA) sound accompaniment sound effects sound machines South Africa (Africa) Spain (Europe) spectatorship: issues and debates Spencer, Cozens (Australia) Spoor, George K. (USA) sports films (non-fiction) staging in depth STAR FILM (see Melies, Georges) (France) star system Starewicz, Wladyslaw (Russia) Steiner, William (USA) stereography Sterling, Ford (USA) Stiller, Mauritz (Sweden) Stokvis, Simon B. (Netherlands) Stollwerck, Ludwig (Germany) Storey, Edith (USA) Stow, Percy (Great Britain) Svensk-Amerikanska Filmkompaniet (Sweden) Svenska Biografteatern (Sweden) Swanson, William H. (USA) Sweden (Europe) Sweet, Blanche (USA) Switzerland (Europe) synchronized sound systems: Chronophone Gaumont synchronized sound systems: films sonores: Pathé-Frères synchronized sound systems: Kinetophone synchronized sound systems: Messter Biophon Tachibana Teijiro (Japan) Tally, Thomas Lincoln (USA) Talmadge, Norma (USA) Tanaka Eizo (Japan) Tannenbaum, Herbert (Germany) Taylor, Alma and White, Chrissie (Great Britain) technology and material Tenkatsu (Japan) Thailand (Siam) (Asia) Thanhouser Film Company (USA) theater, legitimate theater, melodrama Theophile Path< (France) Thévenon, Etienne (Belgium) Thiemann & Reinhardt Company (Russia) Thiemann, Pavel (Russia) Thomas, Arthur Duncan (Great Britain) Togores, José de (Spain) Tokugawa Musei (Japan) Tonbilder (fiction) Topical Film Company (Great Britain) Toscano, Salvador (Mexico) Toumeur, Maurice (France) trade marks trade press transportation (technologies) Trautschold, Gustav (Germany) travelogues (non-fiction) trick films (fiction) Turkey/Ottoman Empire (Middle East) Turner, Florence (USA) Turpin, Ben (USA) Umeya Shokichi (Japan) Universal Film Manufacturing Company (USA) Urban, Charles (Great Britain) urbanization Uruguay (South America) US patent wars USA (North America) Valentin, Karl (Germany) Valetta (France) Van Goitsenhaven, Louis (Belgium) Vandal, Marcel (France) vaudeville Velle, Gaston (France) Venezuela (South America) Venkaiah, Raghupati (India) Veyre, Gabriel (France) Vidali, Enrico (Italy) Vietnam (Asia) Views and Films Index (USA) Vita Cinematografica, La (Italy) Vitagraph Company of America (USA) Vitascope (Germany) Vitrotti, Giovanni (Italy) von Herkomer, Sir Hubert (Great Britain) von Woringen, Paul (Germany) W eltkinematograph/Express-Film (Germany) Wales (Europe) Walker, William (Great Britain) Walthall, Henry B. (USA) Walturdaw (Great Britain) Warner brothers (USA) Warner's Features, Inc. (USA) Warwick Trading Company (Great Britain) Waters, Percival Lee (USA) wax museums: Europe Weber, Lois (USA) Wegener, Paul (Germany) Weisse, Hanni (Germany) Werner, Michel and Eugène (France) West, Alfred (Great Britain) West, T. J. (Australia) westerns: cowboy and Indian films (fiction) white slave films (fiction) White, James Henry (USA) White, Pearl (USA) Wiener Kunstfilm (Austria-Hungary) Williams, Kathlyn (USA) Williams, Randall (Great Britain) Williamson, James (Great Britain) Wolf, Nathan Hyman (Netherlands) Wolff, Philipp (Germany) women's movement: Europe women's movement: USA women's suffrage films (fiction) Woods, Frank (USA) World Film Corporation (USA) World War I world's fairs Wrench Film Company (Great Britain) Yermoliev, Iosif (Russia) Yokota Einosuke (Japan) Yokota Shokai (Japan) Yoshizawa Shoten (Japan) Young Deer, James (USA) Zacconi, Ermete (Italy) Zecca, Ferdinand (France) Zhang Shichuan (China) Zhang Zhengqiu (China) Zukor, Adolph (USA)