ACRH Vocabulary used in the Accessible Civil Rights Heritage project. 3 John Bell 81b87807d92913ca36e4aa8948ce3cee9d13732a etczysz 00f8c64d6578153e40aad99ce62890be370c524d 16th Street Baptist Church Bombing The Church was bombed by "members of Birmingham's Cahaba River Group, a splinter group of the Eastview Klavern #13 chapter of the Ku Klux Klan." "In the basement, four little girls, 14-year-olds Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, and 11-year-old Cynthia Wesley, were killed. Addie's sister Sarah survived, but lost her right eye." "Since its construction in 1911, the church had served as the centerpiece of the city's African American community, functioning as a meeting place, social center, and lecture hall. Because of its size, location, and importance to the community, the church served as headquarters for civil rights mass meetings and rallies in the early 1960s." Source: National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/16thstreetbaptist.html 1950s 1960s 1970s A Day in the Death of Donny B A 1969 short. "A heroin junkie goes looking for money for his next fix in Harlem, New York City." Source: IMDB. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1589409/ Abernathy, Ralph (1926-1990) Source: OCLC Aboriginal Australians Abortion Activists Adult Education Program Advisory boards Affirmative Action Afghan Afghanistan African African American African Methodist Episcopal Church Afro-Peruvian Airplanes Airports Alabama Alabama State Trooper Association Alabama--Montgomery Alabama--Selma Alaska Native Albania Albanian Alcatraz Aleut Aleutian Islands Ali, Muhammad (1942-2016) Source: OCLC American Jew American Legion Auxiliary American Legion Auxiliary Girls State According to the American Legion, "ALA Girls State is the premier program for teaching young women about the democratic process and how our republic works at the state and national levels." Source: American Legion. https://mtlegion.org/girlsstate.html Amite Street Anderson, Marian (1897-1993) "Anderson, Marian; concert singer, opera singer; born 17 February 1897 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; married Orpheus H. Fisher; sang the national anthem at the inaugurations of President Dwight D. Eisenhower and President John F. Kennedy; member of the U.S. delegation to the General Assembly of the United Nations (1958); the first black American to appear at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York." Source: Library of Congress. https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50022372.html Anniversaries Apache Argentina Arkansas Arkansas--Little Rock Armenia Armenian Arrest Ashmore, Harry S. (1916-1998) Source: Library of Congress. https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50001979.html Asian Asian American Assassination Athletes Attorneys general Baez, Joan (1941- ) Source: Library of Congress. https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50019193.html Bahamas Baldwin, James (1924-1987) Source: OCLC Balkans Barbershops Barnett, Ross R. Ross Robert (1898-1987) Source: OCLC Beals, Melba Patillo (1941- ) Source: OCLC Beatles, The Beittel, Adam (1898-1988) Source: Mississippi Encyclopedia. https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/entries/adam-beittel/ Bevel, James L (James Luther) (1936-2008) Source: OCLC Big 10 Tires "Since its establishment in 1952 by a Mississippi family, Big 10 Tire Pros & Accessories remains family owned and operated. We pride ourselves in treating our customers and their vehicles with the same care as we would if they belonged to our own family. We've become a household name in the Jackson, Hattiesburg, Pearl, and Madison, MS areas due to the outstanding service and quality products we offer." Source: Big 10 Tires. https://www.big10tiresms.com/About Bimini Chain of islands in the Bamahas. Source: OCLC Black Used to describe people of African or African American origin. Black Panther Party Black power Bolivia--La Paz Bombings Boogie woogie (Music) Boricua "a native of Puerto Rico or a person of Puerto Rican descent" Source: Merriam Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Boricua Borinski, Ernst (1917-1986) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/11017780/ernst-borinski Bosnia Boycotts Brady, Thomas P (1903-1973) Source: OCLC Brazil Bridges Briggs, Harry (1917-1986) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/203971247/harry-wilson-briggs Britton, Albert Bazaar, Jr. (1922-2010) Source: Clarion Ledger. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/clarionledger/name/albert-britton-obituary?id=9919205 Brown Chapel (Stillman College) Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Brown, Benjamin "Ben Brown, 22, was shot in the back on May 11, 1967, during a student demonstration that turned violent, with protesters throwing stones, bricks and bottles at the police." (1945-1967) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/27156699/benjamin-brown Bryant, Anita (1940- ) Source: Virtual International Authority File. https://viaf.org/viaf/79410587/ Bunche, Ralph J. Ralph Johnson, (1904-1971) Source: OCLC Burgin, William G., Jr. (1924-2002) Source: The Plain Dealer. https://obits.cleveland.com/us/obituaries/cleveland/name/william-burgin-obituary?id=17873907 Buses Busing "The transporting of children to a school outside their residential area as a means of achieving racial balance in that school." Source: Merriam Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/busing California--San Francisco Cambodia Cambodian Cameroon Cameroonian Capitols Caribbean Caricature Carmichael, Stokely (1941-1998) Source: OCLC Carney Smith, Jessie (1930- ) Source: The HistoryMakers. https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/jessie-carney-smith Catholicism Central America Central American Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) Central Mexico Chaney, James Earl (1943-1964) Source: OCLC Cherokee Chevrolet trucks Cheyenne Chicano "An American and especially a man or boy of Mexican descent." Source: Merriam Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Chicano Children Chile China Chinese Church Churches Cigarettes Citizens' Council Civil disobedience Civil rights Civil Rights Act of 1964 (United States) Civil rights leaders Civil rights movements Clark, Dave (1942- ) Source: OCLC Clark, James Gardner, Jr (1922-2007) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/81580374/james-gardner-clark "A notorious foe of the African American freedom struggle, James Clark served as sheriff of Dallas County, Alabama, from 1955 to 1967. After years of antagonizing local civil rights workers, Clark clashed with Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during 1965 voting rights protests in Selma, Alabama. Clark’s brutality became a rallying point for King, who said: “Until Sheriff Clark is removed, the evils of Selma will not be removed” (Herbers, “Dr. King Urges”)." Source: Stanford. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/clark-james-gardner Coca Cola (Trademark) Cole, Nat King (1919-1965) Source: OCLC Coleman, James Plemon (1914-1991) Source: Stanford. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/coleman-james-plemon College sports Colombia Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc. Columbia Training School Former juvenile correctional facility in Mississippi. Closed in 2008. Source: Jackson Free Press. https://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2008/jun/18/columbia-training-school-removes-last-girls/ Columbia University Communism Communists Community of Peace People Founded by Ciaran McKeown, Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan in 1976 to promote peace in Northern Ireland. Source: The Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/irish-women-who-rocked-the-patriarchal-system-with-their-words-1.4737481 Constitution Corbin, Oscar M, Jr (1918-2012) Source: The News-Press. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/news-press/name/oscar-corbin-obituary?pid=157559638 Costa Rica Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.) Court Courthouses Cox, Murray "Murray Cox was a civil rights activist and Methodist preacher in Gulfport, Mississippi. He served as chair of the Mississippi Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights." Source: Civil Rights Digital Library, University System of Georgia. http://crdl.galileo.usg.edu/people/c/cox_murray/ Crowds Cuba Cuban Dahmer, Vernon Ferdinand (1908-1966) Source: OCLC Damnés de la terre (Fanon, Frantz) Dave Clark Five (Musical Group) Davidson, Lenny (1944- ) Source: https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0203410/bio Guitarist for the Dave Clark Five. Source: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2277814/Rick-Huxley-dies-Dave-Clark-Five-star-dead-72-following-battle-emphysema.html Davis, Belva (1932-) Source: OCLC de la Beckwith, Byron (1920-2001) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/20437/byron-de_la-beckwith Dean, Kenneth (1935 or 1936 - 2019) Source: Democrat & Chronicle. https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2019/02/11/rochester-minister-kenneth-dean-civil-rights-befriended-kkk-dies-john-lewis-colgate-divinity/2813247002/ Debate Dedication Delta Delta Air Lines Democratic Party (U.S.) Democratic People's Republic of Korea North Korea Democrats Demonstrations Discrimination in employment Discrimination in housing Documentary films Dominican Dominican Republic Drug abuse Duckworth, C.J. (1911- ) Source: OCLC Dulles, Allen (1893-1969) Source: OCLC Dupont Plaza Hotel Former hotel in Miami, Florida. Opened in 1957. Demolished in 2004. Source: Miami New Times. https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/ten-iconic-miami-hotels-that-no-longer-stand-8387637?storyPage=2 Dutch East Asia East Asian Edmund Pettus Bridge Education Edwards, Harry (1942- ) Source: The History Makers. https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/harry-edwards-41 Eisenhower, Dwight D. (1890-1969) Source: OCLC Eisenhower, John S. D. (1922-2013) Source: OCLC El Salvador Ellerbee, Linda (1944- ) Source: VIAF. https://viaf.org/viaf/166431798/ Employment England--London England--London--Tottenham Entrepreneurship Europeans Evers, Charles (1922-2020) Source: OCLC Evers, Medgar Wiley (1925-1963) Source: OCLC Executions in effigy Eyes on the Prize (TV Series 1987-1990) Source: IMDB. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0092999/ Families Fanon, Frantz (1925-1961) Source: OCLC Faubus, Orval Eugene (1910-1994) Source: OCLC Filibusters (Political science) Fire fighters Fires Firetrucks Fisk University Library Flood damage Florida Florida--Fort Lauderdale Florida--Fort Myers Florida--Miami Florida--Miami--Liberty City A neighborhood in Miami, Florida. Source: The City of Miami. https://gis.miamigov.com/miamizoning/index.html Florida--Miami--Manor Park Neighborhood in Miami, Florida. Currently a scattered public housing site. Source: The City of Miami. https://www.miamidade.gov/housing/library/affordable-housing-resources/public-housing-sites.pdf Florida--Tampa France Franklin Federal Savings and Loan Association of Miami Most likely a branch of the bank described in the following webpage: https://www.usbanklocations.com/franklin-federal-savings-and-loan-association-31424.shtml. Fraternal organizations Free enterprise Freedom Freedom Riders French Funerals Gandhi, Mahatma (1869-1948) Source: OCLC Gandolf, Ray (1930-2015) Source: IMDB. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0304182/ Gang Gay Gender Gentry, Bobbie (1942- ) Source: Library of Congress. https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no90014769.html Georgia--Butler Island German Germany Gerow, Richard Oliver (1885-1976) Source: Catholic Diocese of Jackson. https://jacksondiocese.org/about/diocesan-history/growing-1853-1977/1900s/bishop-richard-oliver-gerow/ Ghana Ghetto Good Morning America (TV Series 1975 - ) Source: IMDB. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0072506/ Goodman, Andrew (1943-1964) Source: OCLC Governors Great Britain Green, Ernest G. (Ernest Gideon), (1941-) Source: OCLC Gregory, Dick (1932-2017) Source: VIAF, https://viaf.org/viaf/79404895/ Grenada Greyhound buses Grumman F11F Tiger "Initial production F11Fs were delivered to the Navy in March 1957. In spite of its design performance profile, the Tiger saw limited service, its appearance coinciding with two of the most capable fighters of all time, the F8U Crusader and F4H Phantom II. Such was their capabilities that the F11F-1F Super Tiger, which incorporated a more powerful engine that enabled it to achieve a speed of 1,386.47 mph in level flight and reach a world record altitude of 76,828 feet, did not enter production. Tigers finished their service in the Naval Air Training Command and as demonstration aircraft with the Blue Angels, who flew the F11F during the period 1957-1969." Source: U.S. Navy. https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nnam/explore/collections/aircraft/f/f11f-tiger.html) Guam Guatemala Guns Haiti Haitian Hawaii Hawaiian Hays, Curtis Lee (1950-2017) Source: J&M Funeral Home. https://www.jandmfuneralhome.com/obituary/4177071 He's got the whole world in his hands "This anonymous spiritual rose out of the oral tradition of African Americans and has become one of the most widely known and loved spirituals, sung by young and old everywhere. Like other songs arising out of an oral tradition, it has many variations in both text and tune." Source: Hymnary.org. https://hymnary.org/text/hes_got_the_whole_world_in_his_hands Henry, Aaron (1922-1997) Source: OCLC Heroin abuse Hispanic Hispanic is used to describe someone who are from or descend from Spanish-speaking countries. This is slightly different from the term Latino, which describes people who are from or descend from Latin American countries, including Brazil, where the official language is Portuguese. Source: Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/09/23/who-is-hispanic/ HIV/AIDS Holiday Inns, Inc. Holocaust Home ownership Homosexual Honduras Houma Tribe House Reform Housing Huckaby, Elizabeth (1905-1999), Source: Social Networks and Archival Context. https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w62n706b Huxley, Rick Bass player in the Dave Clark Five (1942-2013). Source: IMDB. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0404728/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm I have a dream (King, Martin Luther, Jr) USED FOR: Address of Martin Luther King, Jr., to the March on Washington (King, Martin Luther, Jr.) Martin Luther King's "I have a dream" speech (King, Martin Luther, Jr.) Rev. Martin L. King Jr. "I have a dream" speech (King, Martin Luther, Jr.) Speech delivered at the March on Washington (King, Martin Luther, Jr.) Washington March speech (King, Martin Luther, Jr.) Source: OCLC Imperialism Inaugurations Indian Indigenous Integration Interracial Interviews Iraq Irish Israel Italian Italy Jackson City Planning Board Source: The City of Jackson, Mississippi. https://www.jacksonms.gov/planning-board/ Jackson Municipal Airport Renamed Jackson International Airport in the 1990s, although a better source on this is needed (Cite: https://www.liquisearch.com/jackson-evers_international_airport/history). Renamed Jackson-Evers International Airport in 2004 (Cite: https://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2006/feb/15/re-opening-the-evers-case/). Renamed Jackson Medgar Wiley Evers International Airport in 2011 (Cite: https://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2011/oct/20/council-votes-to-rename-airport/). Jackson Municipal Library Site of the Jackson Municipal Library Sit-In. "On March 27, 1961, nine African American Tougaloo students quietly sat in at the Jackson Municipal Library, which served only white patrons." Source: The Historical Marker Database. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=109294 Jackson State College Jackson, Jesse (1941-) Source: OCLC Jails Japan Japanese Jews Jim Crow Jobs Johnson, Eula (1906–2001) Source: South Florida Sun Sentinel. https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2004-02-20-0402200079-story.html Johnson, Lyndon B. (Lyndon Baines), (1908-1973) Source: OCLC Johnson, Paul B (1916-1985) Source: OCLC Journalistic ethics Journalists Keep Your Eyes on the Prize A Southern folk song popular in the Civil Rights era. It is a variant of "Hold On," a spiritual, with the replacement lyric "keep your eyes on the prize," accredited to Alice Wine from Johns Island, South Carolina. Source: Oxford American. https://main.oxfordamerican.org/magazine/item/1871-keep-you-eyes-on-the-prize Keith, Bill (1939-2015) Source: The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/nov/02/bill-keith King, Clennon Washington, Jr. (1920-2000) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/73279032/clennon-washington-king King, Coretta Scott (1927-2006) Source: OCLC King, Martin Luther, Jr. (1929-1968) Source: OCLC Kiwanis Club Knox Food Market Koreagate A 1970s influence-buying scandal, involving South Koreans and members of U.S. Congress. Source: The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/10/09/koreagate-bringing-forth-a-mouse-but-an-honest-one/3329ce7e-095f-4bb3-9cd1-f909a158183a/ Kosovo KSTP-TV (Television station : Saint Paul, Minn.) Source: OCLC Ku Klux Klan Kurd Laos Latin America Latin American Latino Used describe a person of Latin American origin. Laws Lebanon Lee, Bernard Scott (1935-1991) Source: Stanford University. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/lee-bernard-scott Lee, Vic (1946- ) Source: The San Mateo Daily Journal. https://web.archive.org/web/20110524045459/https://www.smdailyjournal.com/article_preview.php?id=81953 "Born in Shanghai and raised in Tokyo, Lee apparently had television and journalism in his DNA. His father was a TV commentator and his mother was a Chinese opera actor. He came to the United States for college, attending San Jose State University, where he was elected student body president in 1964." Source: The Mercury News. https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/01/09/vic-lee-kgo-tv-and-bay-area-fixture-retires/ Legal Legislation Legislators Lewis, John (1940-2020) Source: OCLC Libraries Libya Lincoln Junior High School Lincoln Memorial (Washington, D.C.) Lithuania Little Rock Nine Minnijean Brown Trickey, Elizabeth Eckford, Ernest Green, Thelma Mothershed Wair, Dr. Melba Pattillo Beals, Gloria Ray Karlmark, Dr. Terrence Roberts, Jefferson Thomas, Carlotta Walls LaNier. "On September 3, 1957, the Little Rock Nine arrived to enter Central High School, but they were turned away by the Arkansas National Guard." "On September 24, 1957, President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered units of the U.S. Army’s 101st Airborne Division -the 'Screaming Eagles'- into Little Rock and federalized the Arkansas National Guard. In a televised speech delivered to the nation, President Eisenhower stated, 'Mob rule cannot be allowed to override the decisions of the courts.' On September 25, 1957, under federal troop escort, the Little Rock Nine made it inside for their first full day of school. The 101st Airborne left in October and the federalized Arkansas National Guard troops remained throughout the year." Source: National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/people/the-little-rock-nine.htm Looting Lowenstein, Allard K (1929-1980) Source: Library of Congress. https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82001037.html Lowery, Joseph E. (1921-2020) Source: OCLC Ludden, Willie B (1938- ) Source: OCLC Lynching March March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom "On August 28, 1963, more than 250,000 people gathered in the nation’s capital for the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The brainchild of longtime civil rights activist and labor leader A. Philip Randolph, the march drew support from all factions of the civil rights movement. Originally conceived as a mass demonstration to spotlight economic inequalities and press for a new federal jobs program and a higher minimum wage, the goals of the march expanded to include calls for congressional passage of the Civil Rights Act, full integration of public schools, and enactment of a bill prohibiting job discrimination. The program at the Lincoln Memorial featured an impressive roster of speakers—including John Lewis—and closed with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Midway through his address, King abandoned his prepared text and launched into the soaring expression of his vision for the future, declaring, 'I have a dream today.'" Source: Smithsonian. https://www.si.edu/spotlight/1963-march-on-washington Market Mayors Media Meetings Meredith, James (1933- ) Source: OCLC Mexican Mexican-American Mexico Miami Beach Daily Sun Also known as Miami Beach Sun. In publication 1929-1971. Source: Library of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn92061553/ Middle East Minnesota Minnesota--Minneapolis Minnesota--Minneapolis--North Minneapolis A neighborhood in Minneapolis. Source: City of Minneapolis. https://www.minneapolis.org/neighborhoods/northwest/north-minneapolis-community/ Mission Mississippi Mississippi Arts Festival Mississippi Council on Human Relations Mississippi Democratic Party Mississippi Economic Council Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (1964-1968) "In early 1964, as part of Freedom Summer, Mississippi civil rights activists affiliated with the Council of Federated Organizations in Mississippi launched the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)." Source: Stanford. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/mississippi-freedom-democratic-party-mfdp Mississippi Freedom Project Mississippi Teachers Association Mississippi--Edwards Mississippi--Jackson Mississippi--Jackson--Farish Street Neighborhood Historic District Mississippi--Pearl Mississippi--Ridgeland Mississippi--Ross R Barnett Reservoir Mississippi. Agricultural and Industrial Board Montgomery Bus Boycott (Montgomery, Alabama : 1955-1956) Source: OCLC Moses, Robert (1888-1981) Source: OCLC Motion pictures Motorboat Music National Association for the Advancement of Colored People National Education Association of the United States Native Americans Native Hawaiian Navajo New York (State)--New York--Harlem New York World's Fair USED FOR: New York (City). World's Fair, 1939-1940 Source: OCLC News film Newspapers Nicaragua Nigeria Nigerian Non-white Nonviolence North North Side Bakery North Side Federation Northern Ireland O'Brien, Ned Odetta Odetta Holmes (1930-2008) Source: OCLC Our World (TV Series 1986 - 1987) Source: IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0090497/ Pacific Islander Pacific Ocean Pacific Rim Pakistan Parking Lot Parks, Rosa (1913-2005) Source: OCLC Passive Resistance Payton, Dennis Saxophonist in the Dave Clark Five. (1943-2006) Source: The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/denis-payton-429327.html People of Color Pepper spray Persian Gulf Peru Peruvian Peter, Paul and Mary (Musical group) USED FOR: Peter, Paul & Mary (Musical group) SEE ALSO: Member: Stookey, Paul, 1937-(OCoLC)fst00270427 Member: Travers, Mary, 1936-2009(OCoLC)fst01733591 Member: Yarrow, Peter, 1938-(OCoLC)fst00270426 Source: OCLC Peterson, Joe (1935 or 1936- ) "Joseph Peterson was a junior when he and approximately 30 other Alabama State College students met at the segregated cafe in the basement of the Montgomery County Courthouse. They asked to be served and were willing to wait if they weren't. It was just before noon on Feb. 25, 1960. The cafe was shut down in response. Immediately after the sit-in protest, Peterson and eight other students were expelled from the college — now Alabama State University — by President H.C. Trenholm at the request of Gov. John Patterson. Twenty others were placed on probation." Source: The Montgomery Advertiser. https://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/2019/02/25/asu-students-expelled-civil-rights-protest-segregated-lunch-counter-receive-apology/2978396002/ Philippines Photojournalists Picketing Poland Police Police dogs Polish Polish American Political clubs Politicians Popular music Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr. (1908-1972) Source: OCLC Powers, John A (1922-1979) Source: Social Networks and Archival Context. https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6797kkd Prayers Presley, Elvis (1935-1977) Source: OCLC Press Conferences Project CG 8225 "The Office of Economic Opportunity was the agency created to stand up poverty-reducing programs sketched out in the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, a major component of President Lyndon Baines Johnson’s War on Poverty. Although the agency was broken up and dissolved by the 1980s, many of the programs it started are still in existence fifty years later. Head Start, the VISTA volunteer program, and Job Corps are a handful of the most successful. The Economic Opportunity Act also established Community Action Programs that gave the keys to change to community members, ostensibly with the belief that empowering citizens would be the most efficient way to bring about real change. A string of riots in American cities in the late 1960s exposed a deeply dysfunctional relationship between urban communities and the police: reports showed antagonism, prejudice and brutality from the police, and hostility, distrust, and contempt from the community.[2] OEO created the Pilot District Project to address this major problem. These are the barest facts of the Pilot District Project and the films that we’re featuring in today’s post. The fact that the Office of Economic Opportunity was willing to plunk down what today would be over one million dollars for films that no one ever saw is remarkable, and not just because that’s an awful lot of money a product that was almost immediately warehoused in Suitland, Maryland. That kind of investment shows that OEO believed they were undertaking a project that would transform police-community relations, one that would serve as a model for the rest of the country. Officials may have been overly optimistic, and the film project was certainly held up as an example of government waste at the time, but what’s easier to see in hindsight is that CG 8225: The People and the Police is an exceptionally well-crafted film that serves as a record of the Washington, D.C. community and the turmoil it was experiencing in the late 1960s. OEO may not have gotten what they wanted from the program or the film production, but more than forty years later, we all can benefit from this $200,000 mistake." Source: National Archives. https://unwritten-record.blogs.archives.gov/2015/05/20/the-people-and-the-police-washington-d-c-s-police-community-relations-program-1968/ Prostitution Protest Protest movements Protest songs Public Affairs Puerto Rican Quechua USED FOR: Kechua Indians Kichwa Indians Napo Kichwa Indians Quichua Indians Source: OCLC Queer Race discrimination Race relations Racism Radio Randolph, A Philip Asa Philip, (1889-1979). Source: OCLC Ray, J.L. Arrested Roy Wilkens and Medgar Evers in Jackson, Mississippi. Source: Getty Images. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/deputy-chief-jl-ray-arrests-roy-wilkins-executive-secretary-news-photo/514682530 Redlining Reeb, James (1927-1965) Source: OCLC Regional Addiction Prevention, Inc. "Regional Addiction Prevention, Inc. (RAP, Inc.) was established in 1970 as a non-profit, residential drug and alcohol abuse treatment organization in Washington, D.C." Source: Black Power Chronicles. https://blackpowerchronicles.org/cool_timeline/rap-inc-and-black-power-2/ Religion Reporters Republic of Korea South Korea Republican Party (U.S.: 1854-) Source: OCLC Restaurants Restrooms Rifles Riots Robbery Roberts, Terrence James (1941- ) "Management executive, psychology professor and 'Little Rock Nine'" Source: The History Makers. https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/terrence-roberts-41 Robinson, Jackie (1919-1972) Source: OCLC Rock music Rowan, Carl T. Carl Thomas, (1925-2000). Source: OCLC Russia Russia (Federation)--Moscow Russian Safety Net "something that provides security against misfortune or difficulty" Source: Merriam Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/safety%20net Salvadoran Samoa USED FOR: Government of Samoa Independent State of Samoa Malo o Samoa Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Samoa Western Samoa Source: OCLC San Jose State College Saudi Saudi Arabia School integration Schools Schwerner, Michael (1939-1964) Source: OCLC Segregation Segregation in education Segregation in transportation Selma to Montgomery Rights March "On March 7, approximately 600 non-violent protestors, the vast majority being African-American, departed from Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church in Selma with the intent on marching 54-miles to Montgomery, as a memorial to Jimmy Lee Jackson and to protest for voter's rights. As they crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge on March 7, they were met by a column of State Troopers and local volunteer officers of the local sheriff's department who blocked their path. The non-violent protesters were told by Maj. John Cloud that they had two minutes to return back to their church and homes. In less than the time allotted, they were attacked by the Law Enforcement Officers with nightsticks and teargas. According to several reports, at least 50 protestors required hospital treatment. The brutality that was displayed on this day was captured by the media; however, the media was held back as the protesters retreated, where the violence continued for some time. The attack caused outrage around the country, and March 7 became known as 'Bloody Sunday'." Source: National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/selmatomongtomerymarch.htm Sex Sexual Assault Sharpton, Al (1954- ) Source: OCLC Singapore Sioux Sit-ins Skiffle "American jazz or folk music played entirely or in part on nonstandard instruments (such as jugs, washboards, or Jew's harps)" Source: Merriam Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/skiffle Slavery--Colonies Smith, Mike Member of Dave Clark Five. (1943-2008) Source: The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/mar/03/popandrock.obituaries Smith, Robert L.T. (1902-1993) Source: Mississippi Encyclopedia. https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/entries/robert-lt-smith/ "African American Methodist minister and leader of the Mississippi Democratic Freedom Party. In 1966, he and Aaron Henry filed a request with the FCC to deny the license renewal of the Birmingham television station, WLBT, because it had a history of excluding access from African Americans and of only presenting segregationist views." Source: Civil Rights Digital Library. http://crdl.usg.edu/people/s/smith_r_l_t_robert_l_t/ Somalia Somalian Somoa USED FOR: Government of Samoa Independent State of Samoa Malo o Samoa Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Samoa Western Samoa Source: OCLC Songs South South Africa South Africa--Transkei South America South American Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) Source: OCLC Soviet Soviet Union Spanish Americans Speeches Spirituals (Songs) Student movements Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC) Source: OCLC Students Suburbs Syria Talk shows Teachers Television Television broadcasting Television news programs Television programs Television public service announcements Televisions Terrorism Texaco, Inc. The March (Short 1964) "A 1964 documentary film about the 1963 civil rights March on Washington." Source: IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1346687/ The People and the Police 1974 film. Source: C-SPAN. https://www.c-span.org/video/?323299-1/1974-film-the-people-police Thompson, Allen Cavett (1906-1980) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/171719836/allen-cavett-thompson Tiger Bay Club "The first Tiger Bay Club was founded in Miami Florida in 1964. Stephen Paul Ross, a political consultant, led the group that founded Tiger Bay. The club was founded as a nonpartisan political club. There is no central Tiger Bay Organization. Through a loose affiliation, Tiger Bay has grown to approximately 20 clubs in Florida." Source: Flager Tiger Bay Club. https://flaglertigerbayclub.com/About-Us Title IX "1. Title IX is a federal civil rights law that says no institution of higher education can discriminate against anybody on the basis of their sex and gender. Initially drafted to ensure equal opportunities for women in sports, today Title IX applies to all forms of sexual harassment and assault, domestic violence, dating violence, and stalking. 2. Title IX is important because the law requires universities to respond promptly and effectively to address any report of sexual harassment or sexual misconduct and actively take steps to prevent it. Sexual violence on campus is viewed as a hostile environment and thus discrimination, since enduring harassment and victimization prohibits students from equal access to education." Source: National Sexual Violence Resource Center. https://www.nsvrc.org/blogs/10-facts-everyone-should-know-about-title-ix Tougaloo Southern Christian College Named changed to "Tougaloo College" in 1962. Source: Tougaloo College. https://www.tougaloo.edu/about-tougaloo-college/our-history Unemployment United States Capitol (Washington, D.C.) United States Information Agency United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) United States Naval Flight Demonstration Squadron USED FOR: Blue Angels (Flight squadron) United States. Navy. Blue Angels United States. Navy. Flight Demonstration Squadron United States. Navy. Naval Flight Demonstration Squadron Source: OCLC United States. Army United States. Congress United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare United States. National Guard United States. Navy United States. Post Office Department United States. Supreme Court Universal newsreel Universities and colleges University of Minnesota Urban Urban renewal Van Dyke, Dick (1925- ) Source: OCLC Vandalism Vietnam Vietnam War Vietnamese Violence Vivian, C.T. (1924-2020) Source: The History Makers. https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/reverend-dr-ct-vivian Voter registration Voting Voting Rights Act of 1965 (United States) Wages Walgreens (Firm) USED FOR: Walgreen Co. Walgreens Wallace, George C George Corley (1919-1998). Source: OCLC Wallace, Kenneth R. (1928-2016) Source: The Newtown Bee. https://www.newtownbee.com/03022016/capt-kenneth-r-wallace/ Warren, Earl (1891-1974) Source: OCLC Warrior Washington (D.C.) Washington Monument (Washington, D.C.) Washington Redskins (Football team) Named changed to Washington Commanders in 2022. Source: CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/02/us/washington-football-team-name/index.html Water Watkins, Hollis (1941- ) Source: OCLC Watts Riot (Los Angeles, California : 1965) Source: OCLC We shall not be moved Song. "In the United States and internationally, participants in twentieth-century social movements sang "We Shall Not Be Moved" to express unity and conviction. The song is based lyrically and musically on the religious hymn “I Shall Not Be Moved,” which was popular with both Black and White congregations in the first decades of the century." Source: Ballad of America. https://balladofamerica.org/we-shall-not-be-moved/ We shall overcome "a song widely recognized as a symbol of the civil rights movement and the Black Power movement, was originally a Christian church hymn." Source: Library of Congress. https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2009034402.html West Indian White White Citizens councils White supremacy movements Wilkins, Roy (1901-1981) Source: OCLC Williams, Hosea (1926-2000) Source: OCLC Williams, John Bell (1918-1983) Source: OCLC Women of Color Women's rights WPLG (Television station : Miami, Fla.) X, Malcolm (1925-1965) Source: OCLC Yale University Young Women's Christian Association (YWCA) Source: OCLC Young, Andrew (1932- ) Source: OCLC Yugoslavia