ACRH
Vocabulary used in the Accessible Civil Rights Heritage project.
3
John Bell
81b87807d92913ca36e4aa8948ce3cee9d13732a
etczysz
00f8c64d6578153e40aad99ce62890be370c524d
16th Street Baptist Church Bombing
The Church was bombed by "members of Birmingham's Cahaba River Group, a splinter group of the Eastview Klavern #13 chapter of the Ku Klux Klan."
"In the basement, four little girls, 14-year-olds Addie Mae Collins, Denise McNair, Carole Robertson, and 11-year-old Cynthia Wesley, were killed. Addie's sister Sarah survived, but lost her right eye."
"Since its construction in 1911, the church had served as the centerpiece of the city's African American community, functioning as a meeting place, social center, and lecture hall. Because of its size, location, and importance to the community, the church served as headquarters for civil rights mass meetings and rallies in the early 1960s."
Source: National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/16thstreetbaptist.html
1950s
1960s
1970s
A Day in the Death of Donny B
A 1969 short. "A heroin junkie goes looking for money for his next fix in Harlem, New York City."
Source: IMDB. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1589409/
Abernathy, Ralph
(1926-1990) Source: OCLC
Aboriginal Australians
Abortion
Activists
Adult Education Program
Advisory boards
Affirmative Action
Afghan
Afghanistan
African
African American
African Methodist Episcopal Church
Afro-Peruvian
Airplanes
Airports
Alabama
Alabama State Trooper Association
Alabama--Montgomery
Alabama--Selma
Alaska Native
Albania
Albanian
Alcatraz
Aleut
Aleutian Islands
Ali, Muhammad
(1942-2016)
Source: OCLC
American Jew
American Legion Auxiliary
American Legion Auxiliary Girls State
According to the American Legion, "ALA Girls State is the premier program for teaching young women about the democratic process and how our republic works at the state and national levels."
Source: American Legion. https://mtlegion.org/girlsstate.html
Amite Street
Anderson, Marian
(1897-1993)
"Anderson, Marian; concert singer, opera singer; born 17 February 1897 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States; married Orpheus H. Fisher; sang the national anthem at the inaugurations of President Dwight D. Eisenhower and President John F. Kennedy; member of the U.S. delegation to the General Assembly of the United Nations (1958); the first black American to appear at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York."
Source: Library of Congress. https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50022372.html
Anniversaries
Apache
Argentina
Arkansas
Arkansas--Little Rock
Armenia
Armenian
Arrest
Ashmore, Harry S.
(1916-1998)
Source: Library of Congress. https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50001979.html
Asian
Asian American
Assassination
Athletes
Attorneys general
Baez, Joan
(1941- )
Source: Library of Congress. https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n50019193.html
Bahamas
Baldwin, James
(1924-1987) Source: OCLC
Balkans
Barbershops
Barnett, Ross R.
Ross Robert
(1898-1987) Source: OCLC
Beals, Melba Patillo
(1941- ) Source: OCLC
Beatles, The
Beittel, Adam
(1898-1988) Source: Mississippi Encyclopedia. https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/entries/adam-beittel/
Bevel, James L (James Luther)
(1936-2008) Source: OCLC
Big 10 Tires
"Since its establishment in 1952 by a Mississippi family, Big 10 Tire Pros & Accessories remains family owned and operated. We pride ourselves in treating our customers and their vehicles with the same care as we would if they belonged to our own family. We've become a household name in the Jackson, Hattiesburg, Pearl, and Madison, MS areas due to the outstanding service and quality products we offer."
Source: Big 10 Tires. https://www.big10tiresms.com/About
Bimini
Chain of islands in the Bamahas. Source: OCLC
Black
Used to describe people of African or African American origin.
Black Panther Party
Black power
Bolivia--La Paz
Bombings
Boogie woogie (Music)
Boricua
"a native of Puerto Rico or a person of Puerto Rican descent" Source: Merriam Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Boricua
Borinski, Ernst
(1917-1986) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/11017780/ernst-borinski
Bosnia
Boycotts
Brady, Thomas P
(1903-1973) Source: OCLC
Brazil
Bridges
Briggs, Harry
(1917-1986) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/203971247/harry-wilson-briggs
Britton, Albert Bazaar, Jr.
(1922-2010) Source: Clarion Ledger. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/clarionledger/name/albert-britton-obituary?id=9919205
Brown Chapel (Stillman College)
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka
Brown, Benjamin
"Ben Brown, 22, was shot in the back on May 11, 1967, during a student demonstration that turned violent, with protesters throwing stones, bricks and bottles at the police."
(1945-1967) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/27156699/benjamin-brown
Bryant, Anita
(1940- ) Source: Virtual International Authority File. https://viaf.org/viaf/79410587/
Bunche, Ralph J.
Ralph Johnson, (1904-1971) Source: OCLC
Burgin, William G., Jr.
(1924-2002) Source: The Plain Dealer. https://obits.cleveland.com/us/obituaries/cleveland/name/william-burgin-obituary?id=17873907
Buses
Busing
"The transporting of children to a school outside their residential area as a means of achieving racial balance in that school." Source: Merriam Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/busing
California--San Francisco
Cambodia
Cambodian
Cameroon
Cameroonian
Capitols
Caribbean
Caricature
Carmichael, Stokely
(1941-1998) Source: OCLC
Carney Smith, Jessie
(1930- ) Source: The HistoryMakers. https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/jessie-carney-smith
Catholicism
Central America
Central American
Central Intelligence Agency
(CIA)
Central Mexico
Chaney, James Earl
(1943-1964) Source: OCLC
Cherokee
Chevrolet trucks
Cheyenne
Chicano
"An American and especially a man or boy of Mexican descent." Source: Merriam Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Chicano
Children
Chile
China
Chinese
Church
Churches
Cigarettes
Citizens' Council
Civil disobedience
Civil rights
Civil Rights Act of 1964 (United States)
Civil rights leaders
Civil rights movements
Clark, Dave
(1942- ) Source: OCLC
Clark, James Gardner, Jr
(1922-2007) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/81580374/james-gardner-clark
"A notorious foe of the African American freedom struggle, James Clark served as sheriff of Dallas County, Alabama, from 1955 to 1967. After years of antagonizing local civil rights workers, Clark clashed with Martin Luther King and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) during 1965 voting rights protests in Selma, Alabama. Clark’s brutality became a rallying point for King, who said: “Until Sheriff Clark is removed, the evils of Selma will not be removed” (Herbers, “Dr. King Urges”)." Source: Stanford. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/clark-james-gardner
Coca Cola (Trademark)
Cole, Nat King
(1919-1965) Source: OCLC
Coleman, James Plemon
(1914-1991) Source: Stanford. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/coleman-james-plemon
College sports
Colombia
Columbia Broadcasting System, Inc.
Columbia Training School
Former juvenile correctional facility in Mississippi. Closed in 2008. Source: Jackson Free Press. https://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2008/jun/18/columbia-training-school-removes-last-girls/
Columbia University
Communism
Communists
Community of Peace People
Founded by Ciaran McKeown, Betty Williams and Mairead Corrigan in 1976 to promote peace in Northern Ireland. Source: The Irish Times. https://www.irishtimes.com/culture/books/irish-women-who-rocked-the-patriarchal-system-with-their-words-1.4737481
Constitution
Corbin, Oscar M, Jr
(1918-2012) Source: The News-Press. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/news-press/name/oscar-corbin-obituary?pid=157559638
Costa Rica
Council of Federated Organizations (U.S.)
Court
Courthouses
Cox, Murray
"Murray Cox was a civil rights activist and Methodist preacher in Gulfport, Mississippi. He served as chair of the Mississippi Advisory Committee to the U.S. Commission on Civil Rights." Source: Civil Rights Digital Library, University System of Georgia. http://crdl.galileo.usg.edu/people/c/cox_murray/
Crowds
Cuba
Cuban
Dahmer, Vernon Ferdinand
(1908-1966) Source: OCLC
Damnés de la terre (Fanon, Frantz)
Dave Clark Five (Musical Group)
Davidson, Lenny
(1944- ) Source: https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0203410/bio
Guitarist for the Dave Clark Five. Source: https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-2277814/Rick-Huxley-dies-Dave-Clark-Five-star-dead-72-following-battle-emphysema.html
Davis, Belva
(1932-) Source: OCLC
de la Beckwith, Byron
(1920-2001) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/20437/byron-de_la-beckwith
Dean, Kenneth
(1935 or 1936 - 2019) Source: Democrat & Chronicle. https://www.democratandchronicle.com/story/news/2019/02/11/rochester-minister-kenneth-dean-civil-rights-befriended-kkk-dies-john-lewis-colgate-divinity/2813247002/
Debate
Dedication
Delta
Delta Air Lines
Democratic Party (U.S.)
Democratic People's Republic of Korea
North Korea
Democrats
Demonstrations
Discrimination in employment
Discrimination in housing
Documentary films
Dominican
Dominican Republic
Drug abuse
Duckworth, C.J.
(1911- ) Source: OCLC
Dulles, Allen
(1893-1969) Source: OCLC
Dupont Plaza Hotel
Former hotel in Miami, Florida. Opened in 1957. Demolished in 2004. Source: Miami New Times. https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/ten-iconic-miami-hotels-that-no-longer-stand-8387637?storyPage=2
Dutch
East Asia
East Asian
Edmund Pettus Bridge
Education
Edwards, Harry
(1942- ) Source: The History Makers. https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/harry-edwards-41
Eisenhower, Dwight D.
(1890-1969) Source: OCLC
Eisenhower, John S. D.
(1922-2013) Source: OCLC
El Salvador
Ellerbee, Linda
(1944- ) Source: VIAF. https://viaf.org/viaf/166431798/
Employment
England--London
England--London--Tottenham
Entrepreneurship
Europeans
Evers, Charles
(1922-2020) Source: OCLC
Evers, Medgar Wiley
(1925-1963) Source: OCLC
Executions in effigy
Eyes on the Prize
(TV Series 1987-1990) Source: IMDB. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0092999/
Families
Fanon, Frantz
(1925-1961) Source: OCLC
Faubus, Orval Eugene
(1910-1994) Source: OCLC
Filibusters (Political science)
Fire fighters
Fires
Firetrucks
Fisk University Library
Flood damage
Florida
Florida--Fort Lauderdale
Florida--Fort Myers
Florida--Miami
Florida--Miami--Liberty City
A neighborhood in Miami, Florida. Source: The City of Miami. https://gis.miamigov.com/miamizoning/index.html
Florida--Miami--Manor Park
Neighborhood in Miami, Florida. Currently a scattered public housing site. Source: The City of Miami. https://www.miamidade.gov/housing/library/affordable-housing-resources/public-housing-sites.pdf
Florida--Tampa
France
Franklin Federal Savings and Loan Association of Miami
Most likely a branch of the bank described in the following webpage: https://www.usbanklocations.com/franklin-federal-savings-and-loan-association-31424.shtml.
Fraternal organizations
Free enterprise
Freedom
Freedom Riders
French
Funerals
Gandhi, Mahatma
(1869-1948) Source: OCLC
Gandolf, Ray
(1930-2015) Source: IMDB. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0304182/
Gang
Gay
Gender
Gentry, Bobbie
(1942- ) Source: Library of Congress. https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/no90014769.html
Georgia--Butler Island
German
Germany
Gerow, Richard Oliver
(1885-1976) Source: Catholic Diocese of Jackson. https://jacksondiocese.org/about/diocesan-history/growing-1853-1977/1900s/bishop-richard-oliver-gerow/
Ghana
Ghetto
Good Morning America
(TV Series 1975 - ) Source: IMDB. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0072506/
Goodman, Andrew
(1943-1964) Source: OCLC
Governors
Great Britain
Green, Ernest G.
(Ernest Gideon), (1941-) Source: OCLC
Gregory, Dick
(1932-2017) Source: VIAF, https://viaf.org/viaf/79404895/
Grenada
Greyhound buses
Grumman F11F Tiger
"Initial production F11Fs were delivered to the Navy in March 1957. In spite of its design performance profile, the Tiger saw limited service, its appearance coinciding with two of the most capable fighters of all time, the F8U Crusader and F4H Phantom II. Such was their capabilities that the F11F-1F Super Tiger, which incorporated a more powerful engine that enabled it to achieve a speed of 1,386.47 mph in level flight and reach a world record altitude of 76,828 feet, did not enter production. Tigers finished their service in the Naval Air Training Command and as demonstration aircraft with the Blue Angels, who flew the F11F during the period 1957-1969." Source: U.S. Navy. https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/museums/nnam/explore/collections/aircraft/f/f11f-tiger.html)
Guam
Guatemala
Guns
Haiti
Haitian
Hawaii
Hawaiian
Hays, Curtis Lee
(1950-2017) Source: J&M Funeral Home. https://www.jandmfuneralhome.com/obituary/4177071
He's got the whole world in his hands
"This anonymous spiritual rose out of the oral tradition of African Americans and has become one of the most widely known and loved spirituals, sung by young and old everywhere. Like other songs arising out of an oral tradition, it has many variations in both text and tune."
Source: Hymnary.org. https://hymnary.org/text/hes_got_the_whole_world_in_his_hands
Henry, Aaron
(1922-1997) Source: OCLC
Heroin abuse
Hispanic
Hispanic is used to describe someone who are from or descend from Spanish-speaking countries. This is slightly different from the term Latino, which describes people who are from or descend from Latin American countries, including Brazil, where the official language is Portuguese. Source: Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/09/23/who-is-hispanic/
HIV/AIDS
Holiday Inns, Inc.
Holocaust
Home ownership
Homosexual
Honduras
Houma Tribe
House Reform
Housing
Huckaby, Elizabeth
(1905-1999), Source: Social Networks and Archival Context. https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w62n706b
Huxley, Rick
Bass player in the Dave Clark Five (1942-2013). Source: IMDB. https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0404728/bio?ref_=nm_ov_bio_sm
I have a dream (King, Martin Luther, Jr)
USED FOR:
Address of Martin Luther King, Jr., to the March on Washington (King, Martin Luther, Jr.)
Martin Luther King's "I have a dream" speech (King, Martin Luther, Jr.)
Rev. Martin L. King Jr. "I have a dream" speech (King, Martin Luther, Jr.)
Speech delivered at the March on Washington (King, Martin Luther, Jr.)
Washington March speech (King, Martin Luther, Jr.)
Source: OCLC
Imperialism
Inaugurations
Indian
Indigenous
Integration
Interracial
Interviews
Iraq
Irish
Israel
Italian
Italy
Jackson City Planning Board
Source: The City of Jackson, Mississippi. https://www.jacksonms.gov/planning-board/
Jackson Municipal Airport
Renamed Jackson International Airport in the 1990s, although a better source on this is needed (Cite: https://www.liquisearch.com/jackson-evers_international_airport/history).
Renamed Jackson-Evers International Airport in 2004 (Cite: https://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2006/feb/15/re-opening-the-evers-case/).
Renamed Jackson Medgar Wiley Evers International Airport in 2011 (Cite: https://www.jacksonfreepress.com/news/2011/oct/20/council-votes-to-rename-airport/).
Jackson Municipal Library
Site of the Jackson Municipal Library Sit-In. "On March 27, 1961, nine African American Tougaloo students quietly sat in at the Jackson Municipal Library, which served only white patrons." Source: The Historical Marker Database. https://www.hmdb.org/m.asp?m=109294
Jackson State College
Jackson, Jesse
(1941-) Source: OCLC
Jails
Japan
Japanese
Jews
Jim Crow
Jobs
Johnson, Eula
(1906–2001) Source: South Florida Sun Sentinel. https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-2004-02-20-0402200079-story.html
Johnson, Lyndon B.
(Lyndon Baines), (1908-1973) Source: OCLC
Johnson, Paul B
(1916-1985) Source: OCLC
Journalistic ethics
Journalists
Keep Your Eyes on the Prize
A Southern folk song popular in the Civil Rights era. It is a variant of "Hold On," a spiritual, with the replacement lyric "keep your eyes on the prize," accredited to Alice Wine from Johns Island, South Carolina. Source: Oxford American. https://main.oxfordamerican.org/magazine/item/1871-keep-you-eyes-on-the-prize
Keith, Bill
(1939-2015) Source: The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2015/nov/02/bill-keith
King, Clennon Washington, Jr.
(1920-2000) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/73279032/clennon-washington-king
King, Coretta Scott
(1927-2006) Source: OCLC
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
(1929-1968) Source: OCLC
Kiwanis Club
Knox Food Market
Koreagate
A 1970s influence-buying scandal, involving South Koreans and members of U.S. Congress.
Source: The Washington Post. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1978/10/09/koreagate-bringing-forth-a-mouse-but-an-honest-one/3329ce7e-095f-4bb3-9cd1-f909a158183a/
Kosovo
KSTP-TV
(Television station : Saint Paul, Minn.) Source: OCLC
Ku Klux Klan
Kurd
Laos
Latin America
Latin American
Latino
Used describe a person of Latin American origin.
Laws
Lebanon
Lee, Bernard Scott
(1935-1991) Source: Stanford University. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/lee-bernard-scott
Lee, Vic
(1946- ) Source: The San Mateo Daily Journal. https://web.archive.org/web/20110524045459/https://www.smdailyjournal.com/article_preview.php?id=81953
"Born in Shanghai and raised in Tokyo, Lee apparently had television and journalism in his DNA. His father was a TV commentator and his mother was a Chinese opera actor. He came to the United States for college, attending San Jose State University, where he was elected student body president in 1964." Source: The Mercury News. https://www.mercurynews.com/2020/01/09/vic-lee-kgo-tv-and-bay-area-fixture-retires/
Legal
Legislation
Legislators
Lewis, John
(1940-2020) Source: OCLC
Libraries
Libya
Lincoln Junior High School
Lincoln Memorial (Washington, D.C.)
Lithuania
Little Rock Nine
Minnijean Brown Trickey, Elizabeth Eckford, Ernest Green, Thelma Mothershed Wair, Dr. Melba Pattillo Beals, Gloria Ray Karlmark, Dr. Terrence Roberts, Jefferson Thomas, Carlotta Walls LaNier.
"On September 3, 1957, the Little Rock Nine arrived to enter Central High School, but they were turned away by the Arkansas National Guard."
"On September 24, 1957, President Dwight D. Eisenhower ordered units of the U.S. Army’s 101st Airborne Division -the 'Screaming Eagles'- into Little Rock and federalized the Arkansas National Guard. In a televised speech delivered to the nation, President Eisenhower stated, 'Mob rule cannot be allowed to override the decisions of the courts.'
On September 25, 1957, under federal troop escort, the Little Rock Nine made it inside for their first full day of school. The 101st Airborne left in October and the federalized Arkansas National Guard troops remained throughout the year."
Source: National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/people/the-little-rock-nine.htm
Looting
Lowenstein, Allard K
(1929-1980) Source: Library of Congress. https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n82001037.html
Lowery, Joseph E.
(1921-2020) Source: OCLC
Ludden, Willie B
(1938- ) Source: OCLC
Lynching
March
March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
"On August 28, 1963, more than 250,000 people gathered in the nation’s capital for the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom. The brainchild of longtime civil rights activist and labor leader A. Philip Randolph, the march drew support from all factions of the civil rights movement. Originally conceived as a mass demonstration to spotlight economic inequalities and press for a new federal jobs program and a higher minimum wage, the goals of the march expanded to include calls for congressional passage of the Civil Rights Act, full integration of public schools, and enactment of a bill prohibiting job discrimination. The program at the Lincoln Memorial featured an impressive roster of speakers—including John Lewis—and closed with Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Midway through his address, King abandoned his prepared text and launched into the soaring expression of his vision for the future, declaring, 'I have a dream today.'"
Source: Smithsonian. https://www.si.edu/spotlight/1963-march-on-washington
Market
Mayors
Media
Meetings
Meredith, James
(1933- ) Source: OCLC
Mexican
Mexican-American
Mexico
Miami Beach Daily Sun
Also known as Miami Beach Sun. In publication 1929-1971. Source: Library of Congress. https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn92061553/
Middle East
Minnesota
Minnesota--Minneapolis
Minnesota--Minneapolis--North Minneapolis
A neighborhood in Minneapolis. Source: City of Minneapolis. https://www.minneapolis.org/neighborhoods/northwest/north-minneapolis-community/
Mission
Mississippi
Mississippi Arts Festival
Mississippi Council on Human Relations
Mississippi Democratic Party
Mississippi Economic Council
Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party
(1964-1968) "In early 1964, as part of Freedom Summer, Mississippi civil rights activists affiliated with the Council of Federated Organizations in Mississippi launched the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP)." Source: Stanford. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/encyclopedia/mississippi-freedom-democratic-party-mfdp
Mississippi Freedom Project
Mississippi Teachers Association
Mississippi--Edwards
Mississippi--Jackson
Mississippi--Jackson--Farish Street Neighborhood Historic District
Mississippi--Pearl
Mississippi--Ridgeland
Mississippi--Ross R Barnett Reservoir
Mississippi. Agricultural and Industrial Board
Montgomery Bus Boycott
(Montgomery, Alabama : 1955-1956)
Source: OCLC
Moses, Robert
(1888-1981) Source: OCLC
Motion pictures
Motorboat
Music
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
National Education Association of the United States
Native Americans
Native Hawaiian
Navajo
New York (State)--New York--Harlem
New York World's Fair
USED FOR:
New York (City). World's Fair, 1939-1940
Source: OCLC
News film
Newspapers
Nicaragua
Nigeria
Nigerian
Non-white
Nonviolence
North
North Side Bakery
North Side Federation
Northern Ireland
O'Brien, Ned
Odetta
Odetta Holmes (1930-2008) Source: OCLC
Our World
(TV Series 1986 - 1987) Source: IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0090497/
Pacific Islander
Pacific Ocean
Pacific Rim
Pakistan
Parking Lot
Parks, Rosa
(1913-2005) Source: OCLC
Passive Resistance
Payton, Dennis
Saxophonist in the Dave Clark Five. (1943-2006) Source: The Independent. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/obituaries/denis-payton-429327.html
People of Color
Pepper spray
Persian Gulf
Peru
Peruvian
Peter, Paul and Mary (Musical group)
USED FOR:
Peter, Paul & Mary (Musical group)
SEE ALSO:
Member: Stookey, Paul, 1937-(OCoLC)fst00270427
Member: Travers, Mary, 1936-2009(OCoLC)fst01733591
Member: Yarrow, Peter, 1938-(OCoLC)fst00270426
Source: OCLC
Peterson, Joe
(1935 or 1936- )
"Joseph Peterson was a junior when he and approximately 30 other Alabama State College students met at the segregated cafe in the basement of the Montgomery County Courthouse.
They asked to be served and were willing to wait if they weren't.
It was just before noon on Feb. 25, 1960. The cafe was shut down in response. Immediately after the sit-in protest, Peterson and eight other students were expelled from the college — now Alabama State University — by President H.C. Trenholm at the request of Gov. John Patterson. Twenty others were placed on probation."
Source: The Montgomery Advertiser. https://www.montgomeryadvertiser.com/story/news/2019/02/25/asu-students-expelled-civil-rights-protest-segregated-lunch-counter-receive-apology/2978396002/
Philippines
Photojournalists
Picketing
Poland
Police
Police dogs
Polish
Polish American
Political clubs
Politicians
Popular music
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr.
(1908-1972) Source: OCLC
Powers, John A
(1922-1979) Source: Social Networks and Archival Context. https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6797kkd
Prayers
Presley, Elvis
(1935-1977) Source: OCLC
Press Conferences
Project CG 8225
"The Office of Economic Opportunity was the agency created to stand up poverty-reducing programs sketched out in the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, a major component of President Lyndon Baines Johnson’s War on Poverty. Although the agency was broken up and dissolved by the 1980s, many of the programs it started are still in existence fifty years later. Head Start, the VISTA volunteer program, and Job Corps are a handful of the most successful. The Economic Opportunity Act also established Community Action Programs that gave the keys to change to community members, ostensibly with the belief that empowering citizens would be the most efficient way to bring about real change. A string of riots in American cities in the late 1960s exposed a deeply dysfunctional relationship between urban communities and the police: reports showed antagonism, prejudice and brutality from the police, and hostility, distrust, and contempt from the community.[2] OEO created the Pilot District Project to address this major problem.
These are the barest facts of the Pilot District Project and the films that we’re featuring in today’s post. The fact that the Office of Economic Opportunity was willing to plunk down what today would be over one million dollars for films that no one ever saw is remarkable, and not just because that’s an awful lot of money a product that was almost immediately warehoused in Suitland, Maryland.
That kind of investment shows that OEO believed they were undertaking a project that would transform police-community relations, one that would serve as a model for the rest of the country. Officials may have been overly optimistic, and the film project was certainly held up as an example of government waste at the time, but what’s easier to see in hindsight is that CG 8225: The People and the Police is an exceptionally well-crafted film that serves as a record of the Washington, D.C. community and the turmoil it was experiencing in the late 1960s. OEO may not have gotten what they wanted from the program or the film production, but more than forty years later, we all can benefit from this $200,000 mistake."
Source: National Archives. https://unwritten-record.blogs.archives.gov/2015/05/20/the-people-and-the-police-washington-d-c-s-police-community-relations-program-1968/
Prostitution
Protest
Protest movements
Protest songs
Public Affairs
Puerto Rican
Quechua
USED FOR:
Kechua Indians
Kichwa Indians
Napo Kichwa Indians
Quichua Indians
Source: OCLC
Queer
Race discrimination
Race relations
Racism
Radio
Randolph, A Philip
Asa Philip, (1889-1979). Source: OCLC
Ray, J.L.
Arrested Roy Wilkens and Medgar Evers in Jackson, Mississippi. Source: Getty Images. https://www.gettyimages.com/detail/news-photo/deputy-chief-jl-ray-arrests-roy-wilkins-executive-secretary-news-photo/514682530
Redlining
Reeb, James
(1927-1965) Source: OCLC
Regional Addiction Prevention, Inc.
"Regional Addiction Prevention, Inc. (RAP, Inc.) was established in 1970 as a non-profit, residential drug and alcohol abuse treatment organization in Washington, D.C." Source: Black Power Chronicles. https://blackpowerchronicles.org/cool_timeline/rap-inc-and-black-power-2/
Religion
Reporters
Republic of Korea
South Korea
Republican Party
(U.S.: 1854-) Source: OCLC
Restaurants
Restrooms
Rifles
Riots
Robbery
Roberts, Terrence James
(1941- ) "Management executive, psychology professor and 'Little Rock Nine'" Source: The History Makers. https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/terrence-roberts-41
Robinson, Jackie
(1919-1972) Source: OCLC
Rock music
Rowan, Carl T.
Carl Thomas, (1925-2000). Source: OCLC
Russia
Russia (Federation)--Moscow
Russian
Safety Net
"something that provides security against misfortune or difficulty" Source: Merriam Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/safety%20net
Salvadoran
Samoa
USED FOR:
Government of Samoa
Independent State of Samoa
Malo o Samoa
Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Samoa
Western Samoa
Source: OCLC
San Jose State College
Saudi
Saudi Arabia
School integration
Schools
Schwerner, Michael
(1939-1964) Source: OCLC
Segregation
Segregation in education
Segregation in transportation
Selma to Montgomery Rights March
"On March 7, approximately 600 non-violent protestors, the vast majority being African-American, departed from Brown Chapel A.M.E. Church in Selma with the intent on marching 54-miles to Montgomery, as a memorial to Jimmy Lee Jackson and to protest for voter's rights. As they crossed the Edmund Pettus Bridge on March 7, they were met by a column of State Troopers and local volunteer officers of the local sheriff's department who blocked their path.
The non-violent protesters were told by Maj. John Cloud that they had two minutes to return back to their church and homes. In less than the time allotted, they were attacked by the Law Enforcement Officers with nightsticks and teargas. According to several reports, at least 50 protestors required hospital treatment. The brutality that was displayed on this day was captured by the media; however, the media was held back as the protesters retreated, where the violence continued for some time.
The attack caused outrage around the country, and March 7 became known as 'Bloody Sunday'."
Source: National Park Service. https://www.nps.gov/articles/selmatomongtomerymarch.htm
Sex
Sexual Assault
Sharpton, Al
(1954- ) Source: OCLC
Singapore
Sioux
Sit-ins
Skiffle
"American jazz or folk music played entirely or in part on nonstandard instruments (such as jugs, washboards, or Jew's harps)" Source: Merriam Webster. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/skiffle
Slavery--Colonies
Smith, Mike
Member of Dave Clark Five. (1943-2008) Source: The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/music/2008/mar/03/popandrock.obituaries
Smith, Robert L.T.
(1902-1993) Source: Mississippi Encyclopedia. https://mississippiencyclopedia.org/entries/robert-lt-smith/
"African American Methodist minister and leader of the Mississippi Democratic Freedom Party. In 1966, he and Aaron Henry filed a request with the FCC to deny the license renewal of the Birmingham television station, WLBT, because it had a history of excluding access from African Americans and of only presenting segregationist views." Source: Civil Rights Digital Library. http://crdl.usg.edu/people/s/smith_r_l_t_robert_l_t/
Somalia
Somalian
Somoa
USED FOR:
Government of Samoa
Independent State of Samoa
Malo o Samoa
Malo Saʻoloto Tutoʻatasi o Samoa
Western Samoa
Source: OCLC
Songs
South
South Africa
South Africa--Transkei
South America
South American
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
(SCLC) Source: OCLC
Soviet
Soviet Union
Spanish Americans
Speeches
Spirituals (Songs)
Student movements
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
(SNCC) Source: OCLC
Students
Suburbs
Syria
Talk shows
Teachers
Television
Television broadcasting
Television news programs
Television programs
Television public service announcements
Televisions
Terrorism
Texaco, Inc.
The March
(Short 1964) "A 1964 documentary film about the 1963 civil rights March on Washington." Source: IMDb. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1346687/
The People and the Police
1974 film. Source: C-SPAN. https://www.c-span.org/video/?323299-1/1974-film-the-people-police
Thompson, Allen Cavett
(1906-1980) Source: Find a Grave. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/171719836/allen-cavett-thompson
Tiger Bay Club
"The first Tiger Bay Club was founded in Miami Florida in 1964. Stephen Paul Ross, a political consultant, led the group that founded Tiger Bay. The club was founded as a nonpartisan political club. There is no central Tiger Bay Organization. Through a loose affiliation, Tiger Bay has grown to approximately 20 clubs in Florida."
Source: Flager Tiger Bay Club. https://flaglertigerbayclub.com/About-Us
Title IX
"1. Title IX is a federal civil rights law that says no institution of higher education can discriminate against anybody on the basis of their sex and gender. Initially drafted to ensure equal opportunities for women in sports, today Title IX applies to all forms of sexual harassment and assault, domestic violence, dating violence, and stalking.
2. Title IX is important because the law requires universities to respond promptly and effectively to address any report of sexual harassment or sexual misconduct and actively take steps to prevent it. Sexual violence on campus is viewed as a hostile environment and thus discrimination, since enduring harassment and victimization prohibits students from equal access to education."
Source: National Sexual Violence Resource Center. https://www.nsvrc.org/blogs/10-facts-everyone-should-know-about-title-ix
Tougaloo Southern Christian College
Named changed to "Tougaloo College" in 1962.
Source: Tougaloo College. https://www.tougaloo.edu/about-tougaloo-college/our-history
Unemployment
United States Capitol
(Washington, D.C.)
United States Information Agency
United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration
(NASA)
United States Naval Flight Demonstration Squadron
USED FOR:
Blue Angels (Flight squadron)
United States. Navy. Blue Angels
United States. Navy. Flight Demonstration Squadron
United States. Navy. Naval Flight Demonstration Squadron
Source: OCLC
United States. Army
United States. Congress
United States. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare
United States. National Guard
United States. Navy
United States. Post Office Department
United States. Supreme Court
Universal newsreel
Universities and colleges
University of Minnesota
Urban
Urban renewal
Van Dyke, Dick
(1925- ) Source: OCLC
Vandalism
Vietnam
Vietnam War
Vietnamese
Violence
Vivian, C.T.
(1924-2020) Source: The History Makers. https://www.thehistorymakers.org/biography/reverend-dr-ct-vivian
Voter registration
Voting
Voting Rights Act of 1965
(United States)
Wages
Walgreens (Firm)
USED FOR:
Walgreen Co. Walgreens
Wallace, George C
George Corley (1919-1998). Source: OCLC
Wallace, Kenneth R.
(1928-2016) Source: The Newtown Bee. https://www.newtownbee.com/03022016/capt-kenneth-r-wallace/
Warren, Earl
(1891-1974) Source: OCLC
Warrior
Washington (D.C.)
Washington Monument
(Washington, D.C.)
Washington Redskins (Football team)
Named changed to Washington Commanders in 2022. Source: CNN. https://www.cnn.com/2022/02/02/us/washington-football-team-name/index.html
Water
Watkins, Hollis
(1941- ) Source: OCLC
Watts Riot
(Los Angeles, California : 1965) Source: OCLC
We shall not be moved
Song. "In the United States and internationally, participants in twentieth-century social movements sang "We Shall Not Be Moved" to express unity and conviction. The song is based lyrically and musically on the religious hymn “I Shall Not Be Moved,” which was popular with both Black and White congregations in the first decades of the century." Source: Ballad of America. https://balladofamerica.org/we-shall-not-be-moved/
We shall overcome
"a song widely recognized as a symbol of the civil rights movement and the Black Power movement, was originally a Christian church hymn." Source: Library of Congress. https://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n2009034402.html
West Indian
White
White Citizens councils
White supremacy movements
Wilkins, Roy
(1901-1981) Source: OCLC
Williams, Hosea
(1926-2000) Source: OCLC
Williams, John Bell
(1918-1983) Source: OCLC
Women of Color
Women's rights
WPLG
(Television station : Miami, Fla.)
X, Malcolm
(1925-1965) Source: OCLC
Yale University
Young Women's Christian Association
(YWCA) Source: OCLC
Young, Andrew
(1932- ) Source: OCLC
Yugoslavia